BRUSSELS — The European Union is set to demand that cars running on e-fuels must be 100 percent carbon neutral if they are to be sold beyond 2035, a draft document showed, after Germany demanded e-fuel cars be exempted from the phase-out of new polluting vehicles.
All new cars sold in the EU from 2035 must have zero CO2 emissions, under the EU’s main climate policy for cars, which countries agreed earlier this year.
However, the European Commission is developing a legal route for sales of new cars that only run on e-fuels to continue after 2035, after Germany demanded this exemption.
A draft EU legal proposal, seen by Reuters, showed Brussels plans to set strict conditions for e-fuel cars – requiring them to run on fully CO2 neutral fuels.
E-fuels are considered carbon neutral when they are made using captured CO2 emissions that balance out the CO2 released when the fuel is combusted in an engine.
The draft rules would be stricter than the low-carbon fuel rules in some other EU climate policies. For example, countries can use certain fuels to meet EU renewable energy targets if they achieve a 70 percent emissions saving, rather than 100 percent.
Neither the commission nor Germany’s transport ministry immediately responded to requests for comment.
“Especially when it comes to reducing CO2 emissions of the existing fleet — which already comprises around 250 million vehicles in Europe today — climate-neutral fuels can play an important role in decarbonising transport,” BMW said in a statement.
“This is why all BMW engines are already approved for e-fuels, provided they comply with the current fuel standard.”
The eFuel Alliance industry group said the draft proposal would effectively ban new combustion engines from 2035, if it counted emissions along the value chain as well as those from producing an e-fuel.
“A 100 percent reduction in emissions is therefore nearly impossible,” Ralf Diemer, the group’s managing director, said in a statement on Friday.
Amer Amer, an engineer at Aramco, which is working with Stellantis and Renault, as well as other engery companies, to commercialize e-fuels, said recently that his company could achieve “north of 70 percent” CO2 reduction in their production.
The remaining 30 percent includes the manufacturing footprint of wind turbines and solar panels, and the electrolyzers used to create the fuels, as well as transport of the fuels and “last mile” deliveries, Amer said.
The draft rules would form a legal basis for carmakers to register a new type of vehicle – a combustion engine car that runs exclusively on carbon neutral fuels.
Such vehicles must be designed so that the engine would not start if the vehicle is fuelled with CO2-emitting petrol, under the draft rules, which could change before they are due to be published later this year.
Manufacturers would need to enforce this using technologies such as devices that track the chemical properties of the fuel. They would also need to develop rules to make sure these technologies cannot be tampered with, the document said.